Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IGG)-associated disorders
Keywords:
anti-MOG, demyelination, treatmentAbstract
The range of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases has recently broadened to include a new condition associated with pathogenic serum antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG).
There now seems to be enough evidence to delineate anti-MOG positive CNS demyelination as a disease entity separate from multiple sclerosis (MS) and AQP4+ neuromyelitis optica specrum disorders (NMOSD). Although some clinical and radiologic features clearly resemble NMO, patients positive for anti-MOG display additional characteristics and are distinctly different. This distinction is supported by pathological findings showing an ologodendrocytopathy in MOG Ab+ and astrocytopathy in AQP4 Ab+ patients.
MOG-antibody-associated disease phenotypes are varied and rage from classical neuromyelitis optica to acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis and cortical encephalitis. The onset phenotype varies with age but with not ethnicity or sex. MOGantibody disease can be either monophasic or relapsing.
There are suggested diagnostic criteria, requiring further validation for confirming final use in clinical practice. As there have been no controlled treatment trials in MOG antibody positive diseases, therapy regiments are based on the suspected individual prognosis and clinical experiences.
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Copyright (c) 2019 Sonia Ivanova, Ivan Milanov
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