Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in neurological patients
Keywords:
sleep apneaAbstract
Objective: To determine the anthropometric and clinical characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with neurological diseases.
Methods: 72 patients with different neurological diseases (stroke, myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis) were included in the study. Basic anthropometric measurements were calculated. All patients completed screening scales – Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Berlin questionnaire and STOP-Bang and were examined by respiratory polygraphy.
Results: 43% of patients were diagnosed with OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5). A high risk for the presence of OSA, assessed through the Berlin Questionnaire and STOP-Bang, was shown at 39% and 50%, respectively. A comparison between patients with and without OSA showed a significant difference in age (p=0.000), body mass index (p=0.000), neck circumference (p=0.000) and waist (p=0.000). In patients with OSA found statistically significantly more cases of hypertension (p=0.000) and diabetes (p=0.000). In men, the severity of OSA correlates with age (r=0.378, p=0.028), neck circumference (r=0.607, p=0.000) and waist (r=0.414, p=0.015). In women, the severity of OSA correlated with age (r=0.323, p=0.048), body mass index (r=0.340, p=0.037) and waist (r=0.340, p=0.037). Arterial hypertension showed a correlation with AHI in men and women, while diabetes only in women. STOP-Bang and the Berlin questionnaire showed a correlation with AHI, while such was not found when completing the ESS.
Conclusion: OSA is a common disease among patients with neurological diseases. The combination of different anthropometric measurements, screening questionnaires and performing respiratory polygraphy can differentiate patients with neurological diseases and OSA.
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